Buying new housing in a multi-storey building, people often wonder what series the building has, whether it is subject to demolition, what features it has. It is unlikely that you can answer such questions yourself, which is why we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the information in our article.

Here you will find answers, facts and many useful sections to present the whole picture.

House emergency and liquidation

First of all, let's start the article with a section on houses that should be demolished in the near future, or on buildings with a minimum life span:

• If you suddenly come across such series as: K-7, P-32 (35), 1-MG-300, I-35 and 1605-AM - be careful, these houses were built a long time ago. Even the repair of such buildings does not guarantee that the buildings will last a long time.

Note!
  The most “dangerous” can be called the K-7 and P-32 series, in which the typical layout of apartments.

• It is worth paying attention to the year of construction, for example, houses erected in 59-62 are designed for a short service life. In a good way, they should have been demolished (if you suddenly come across such a thing) back in the 90s. They have thin facade walls, which increase the heat loss from the room, also a feature of these houses is a combined bathroom and semi-aisle rooms.

They are not subject to reconstruction, although many service companies “warm” good money on them, closing cracks on the walls every year.

At the same time, there are a series of brick houses that can be called "unbearable", 1-511 and 1-447 belong to them. In these houses, stronger and thicker walls, increasing the thermal insulation properties of the building, the layout of apartments is also considered the most acceptable.

On the other hand, no one has canceled the repair for house communications. And if in your house the owners of apartments do it yourself, this can significantly reduce the service life of building materials.

Series of 5-9 floor houses

In this section, we will consider a series of brick houses that have been registered, operated and continue to be built:

• Brick residential buildings series 86 include not only a 9-storey structure, but can also be a 5-storey building. More detailed specifications, the height of the living quarters is 250 cm, the apartments are 1,2,3 and 4-room (depending on the number of floors).
    They began to build this series in 1980, they use it to the present. You can meet more often on the outskirts of large cities, or in the central part of sparsely populated areas.

• Series II-01  (5-storey houses) refers to the "Stalin" of late development. Such structures were built only of brick, the height of the living quarters is about 300 cm. Most apartments have a balcony. The construction of houses was carried out from 52 to 59, are rare, as they were replaced by the "Khrushchev". (see also with article)
• Built in 52-58, 7 and 8-storey houses made of brick blocks, faced with red tiles, belong to the II-02 series. Such structures are architectural monuments, the price of an apartment in houses of a similar plan is comparable to modern housing in the city center.
• House Series II-08  is the last that was developed according to the "Stalinist" standards. Such brick houses were built from 57 to 62, in the city of Moscow. The apartments are quite spacious, the ceilings are high, many residents of the house also have balconies.

• And here are the 5-story houses of the II-14 seriesvery common in the capital and neighboring cities of the Moscow region. Such structures are called the transitional variant from the “Late Stalin” to the “Khrushchev”.
• Tall (at that time) houses of the SM-3 and SM-6 serieswere also built of bricks. The number of floors floated from 8 to 10, although 9-story buildings are more common. Moscow was massively built up with such houses in the 50s and 60s.

A variation of the 80th series

Separately, we can say about the 80 series, which includes three modifications (all houses are brick):

• Series 164-80-1 It was erected as a 5-story building, the height of residential premises reaches 250 cm. The type of housing is room-by-room resettlement, with a shared bathroom and kitchen. Houses were built in the 70s and 80s. (see also article)
• Similar Plan Series 164-80-3, only floors in the building 9. Most often found as a communal apartment, with room-to-room resettlement, up to 408 places, although in modern times the rooms are connected and sold as combined living space. Year of construction 1970-1980.
• But the series 164-80-4, which was also built as a 9-storey building, is a dormitory with 537 or 1074 beds. But, as in the case of the 3-series, the rooms are combined and sold as 2-room apartments.

More modern series

In this section, we describe several typical houses that began to be built in the last century, but continue to be built to the present (or have recently been "closed"):

• Series 124  It is a brick house, which can be either 9-story, or 12, or even 14-story. The number of rooms in apartments varies depending on the location: 1 and 2-room apartments are more common, but there are also 3-room ones. The most popular such houses have gained in the suburbs.

• There is another series, which is also known in Moscow and Moscow region - 114-85  (most often there are 9 and 12-story houses, but there are also 6 floors). The living quarters are quite cramped, the height of the ceilings is 248 cm. The number of rooms depends on the type of house, 2 and 3-room apartments are often found.

Note!
  For all the houses built at that time, mainly local building materials were used, manufactured at nearby factories.

• E-93 Series  brick houses, invites people to purchase housing in structures built in the interval from 1970 to 2000. There are several modifications: 9, 12 and 14-story buildings, with 1,2,3 and 4-room apartments. The height of residential premises is 260 cm. Most often, such houses can be found in cities near Moscow.
• Series II-66  It is represented by 9-story brick houses that were built in Moscow and nearby cities. Such buildings were erected from 1973 to 1985, only local building materials were used as raw materials. The number of rooms in the apartment depends on its location, there are 1,2,3 and 4-room apartments.
• Another series of the 70s - MK-9  (descended from the MK-5 series - 5-story brick houses). It was popular in Minsk, in the city you can find many similar houses in which there are small but comfortable apartments.

Houses of two capitals

In this section, we describe four series that can be found both in Moscow and in St. Petersburg:

• Series 1-528KP-41 is a brick house, 9 floors high. Residential premises cannot be called spacious, from floor to ceiling only 248 cm. Rooms in apartments are from 1 to 3, 2-room apartments are more common. The disadvantage is the small 6 m2 kitchen, in which it is difficult to place anything.

• But the same series, only more modern (used until 1980) - 1-528KP-40, is a more comfortable place to stay. The ceiling height is about 270 cm, the rooms are spacious, the kitchens are increased to 9 m2.
• A series of brick houses 1-528KP-82 in Moscow is practically not found, except in the Moscow region, but in St. Petersburg and the region is widespread. The houses are no longer 9, but 16-storey, with spacious apartments with a ceiling height of 270 cm. Such houses were built from the beginning of the 70s to the mid-80s.
• More attractive is the 1-528KP-80 series (brick 14-storey building), which was in use until 1985. Such houses are interesting with spacious loggias, which are available in almost every apartment, as well as special rooms for concierges. One of the first video cameras on residential buildings appeared in this series, significantly increasing the cost of the apartment and giving them status.

What to do if the series at home is unknown

It also happens when people don’t know which series their house belongs to, but it can (when selling and buying an apartment) bring unnecessary trouble. The easiest way is to look into the technical passport, it can be taken from the management company, everything is described in detail there.

There is also instruction on when they did the repair, what communications and much more. But you can also “smash your head”, define several parameters and compare them with known data.

To do this, you must:

• Find out the year of construction.
• Clarify the material that was used as the basis.
• The region in which the house is built.
• Storeys of the house.
• The number of rooms in the apartment.

Then look on the Internet, find a special directory in which the received data is entered, and enter your information. After that, you will be given several options with photos in which you can easily find your home.

Another way to find out a series of brick houses is simply to compare the appearance of the proposed options on the Internet. The likelihood of coincidence is small, since many houses look almost identical, but they have different series, so it is better to contact the house management service.

Output

A series of houses is important only in cases where it is necessary to sell or buy an apartment, make repairs and check the building for breakdowns. This is not to say that we have listed all the existing series of brick buildings, but most of the exploited houses of the Soviet era are described.

In the video presented in this article, you will find additional information on this topic.

For political, ideological and demographic reasons, the period of the Khrushchev "thaw" was the first in the history of the Soviet planned economy, when along with the development of heavy industry, a significant increase in the production of consumer goods and everything related in one way or another to the needs of people, and the non-military industrial complex and resource-consuming raw materials, was supposed industries.

The first in the USSR four-story frame-panel house was built in 1948 in Moscow on 5th St. Falcon mountains (G. Kuznetsov, B. Smirnov). Currently, his address is Prospect Budenny, 43. At this time, the country's leadership set the task for the builders to create the cheapest housing project with the possibility of family-based settlement (that is, with separate rather than communal apartments). The first step in the implementation of this task was the introduction of the idea of \u200b\u200bindustrial panel housing construction with a supporting frame. In the years 1948-1951. V. Posokhin, A. A. Mndoyants iv. P. Lagutenko was built up with a 10-storey frame-panel houses quarter in Moscow (Kuusinen, Sorge streets). In the same year, a project was developed for a frameless panel house (built since 1950 in Magnitogorsk). In 1954 in Moscow on the 6th st. The October field was built 7-storey frameless panel house (G. Kuznetsov, B. Smirnov, L. Wrangel, Z. Nesterova, N. A. Osterman). Khrushchev, the design of which was carried out since the late 1940s, went into series after a historical decree 1955 "On eliminating excesses in design and construction" ("the ostentatious side of architecture, replete with large excesses", characteristic of the Stalin era, now "does not correspond to the line of the Party and the Government in the architectural and construction business. ... Soviet architecture should be peculiar and simplicity, austerity and cost-effective forms of Solutions ").

The ideological and scientific justification of the new course came down to the following points:

• the communal apartment was not a project of the Soviet government, but was the result of cost savings during industrialization;
• living of several families in one apartment is abnormal and is a social problem;
• communal apartments - an economically disadvantageous type of housing that does not meet modern requirements;
• the problem of communal apartments can be solved through mass construction using new technologies.

The turning point was the 1956 Decree “On Measures for Further Industrialization, Improving Quality and Reducing the Cost of Construction” and the 1957 “On Housing Development in the USSR”. The party’s assignment to the builders was to develop projects by the fall of 1956 that would make housing construction cheaper and affordable for workers. So the famous "Khrushchev" appeared. The aim of the project was that in 1980, every Soviet family met communism in a separate apartment.

However, by the mid-1980s, only 85% of families had separate apartments: in1986 Mikhail Gorbachev pushed the deadline by 15 years, putting forward the slogan "Each Soviet family has a separate apartment by the year 2000."

The prototype for the first "Khrushchev" steel block buildings (German Plattenbau ), built in Berlin and Dresden since the 1920s. The construction of residential houses "Khrushchev" lasted from 1959 to 1985. In the years 1956-1965, more than 13 thousand houses were built in the USSR, and almost all were five-story buildings. This allowed the introduction of 110 million square meters of housing annually. An appropriate production base and infrastructure was created: house-building plants, reinforced concrete factories, etc. The first house-building plants were created in 1959 in the Glavleningradstroy system, in 1962 they were organized in Moscow and other cities. In particular, during the period 1966-1970, in Leningrad, 942 thousand people received living space, with 809 thousand moving into new homes and 133 thousand gaining space in old houses. Since 1960, construction of 9-storey panel houses has been underway, since 1963 - 12-storey houses.

Technology

Among the typical, large-panel residential buildings are most common.

Prefabricated prefabricated house components

Components of a prefabricated house, which are large reinforced concrete slabs that are made in factories. In the factory, precast concrete products are manufactured according to the existing GOSTs; therefore, it is assumed that their quality should differ in a positive direction from products manufactured directly at the construction site. Ready-made construction parts are delivered to the construction site, which builders can only install. As a result, labor productivity on such a building is very high. The area of \u200b\u200bthe construction site is much smaller than that required for the construction of a brick house. Such lengthy and time-consuming processes, such as installation of reinforcement or concrete, which are characteristic of monolithic housing construction, are completely excluded. This is precisely what experts see as the main advantage of panel housing construction over other types of construction.

List of residential building series

1940s

Since 1947, the Academy of Architecture of the USSR has been developing a fully assembled large-panel dwelling. Frame-panel and frameless houses are being built:

• 4-5-storey (Moscow, Leningrad, Magnitogorsk)
• 8-storey with panels on two floors (Moscow)

1950s

The height of 5 floors was chosen because, according to the norms of that time, it was the highest number of floors at which it was allowed to build lift-free houses (however, sometimes houses were also built in 6 floors with a store on the ground floor).

Stalinki:

• II-01
• II-02
• II-03
• II-04
• II-05
• II-08
• Mm 1-3. One of the not very famous series of five-story residential buildings, was built in 1956-1959. Distribution cities - Moscow (north of the city), pos. Rublevo.
• 1-440. Developer: Workshop. Vesnina, 1958. Cities of distribution - USSR (all-Union series).
• 1-149. Developers: Gorstroyproekt (Moscow) and PO Box 53 (construction company serving nuclear facilities). It is found in the centers of the nuclear industry (Sarov, Zheleznogorsk, Pervouralsky, etc.), as well as in the Novosibirsk Academgorodok (a quarter of the historical housing stock of the Upper Zone).

Since 1957, the construction of panel houses began - the so-called "Khrushchev". People began to call them "Khrushchov" for a number of certain inconveniences:

• small and often irrational sizes of kitchens and living rooms,
• narrow corridors and stairwells,
• low ceilings
• passage rooms
• combined bathrooms
• poor noise isolation
• insufficient heat insulation - cool in winter and, conversely, heat in summer (especially on the upper floors),
• a number of construction deficiencies that tenants often had to fix on their own.

1960s

• 1-510 Block five-story house.
• 1-511 Brick five-story house.
• 1-447 Brick five-story house.
• K-6Panel five-story house.

• K-7Panel five-story house. They have been demolished in Moscow since the late 1990s. The panels from which these houses were built are, in most cases, lined with a white square tile with a side of about 5 cm. Houses of a similar and similar type are popularly called: "Khrushchob". Another feature is the protruding frame elements in the corners of the rooms. Basically, the houses of this series were built with 1-, 2- and 3-room apartments, three apartments per floor. In the 1st and 2nd microdistricts of Zelenograd there were also houses of this series with 4-room apartments (for example, building 101-103, but now they are all demolished). Ceiling height - 2.48 m (according to other sources 2.59 m). The vertical pitch is approximately 2.85 m. The horizontal pitch is 3.20 m. The outer walls are made of 400 mm thick slag ceramsite concrete blocks. Internal concrete panels 270 mm thick. Partitions - gypsum concrete panels 80 mm thick. Ceilings - reinforced concrete panels with a thickness of 220 mm. In St. Petersburg, the series was called "OD".
• II-32  - a series of panel five-story multi-sectional residential buildings, one of the first series of industrial housing construction, the basis of some areas of mass residential development of the 60s. They have been demolished in Moscow since the late 1990s.
• II-29Brick 9-storey house. In Moscow, one house of this series stands inside the Boulevard Ring (Khokhlovsky Lane, Building 10, p. 7)
• 1-318 Brick 5-storey residential building. The houses of this series were built since 1958 (Ukraine, Lithuania, Estonia)
• 1-335 Panel 5-storey residential building. The most common series of panel 5-storey residential buildings throughout the former USSR. The houses of this series were built from 1958 to 1966, after which they switched to the construction of the modernized series 1-335a and 1-335d, which were produced until 1976 inclusive.
• 1-464 Panel 5-storey residential building (Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, Latvia).
• BM-4A series of residential buildings for district centers and small towns (Belarus).
• Щ-5416Brick 12-story 84-apartment house in gray. A series of houses was built at the expense of housing construction cooperatives in different areas of St. Petersburg.

1970s

In 1970 was adopted Unified catalog of building partson the basis of which standard designs were further developed.

• 1-515 / 9ш Multi-section panel house with ordinary sections. The house has 1-, 2-, 3-room apartments. The project provides balconies. Floors: 9 floors. The height of the premises: 2.64 m.
• 1605/9 A multi-section panel house with ordinary and end sections, 1-, 2-, 3-room apartments. Floors: 9 floors. The height of the premises: 2.64 m.
• 1605/12 analog 1605/9 with increased to 12 number of floors
• II-18/9 - a series of block 9- and, initially, 8-story single-section (single-access) residential buildings, one of the first series of houses of high-rise industrial housing construction.
• II-29 - Brick multi-sectional residential building with ordinary and end sections. The house has 1-, 2-, 3-room apartments. Number of storeys: 9. Height of residential premises: 2.64 m.
• II-32
• P-46
• II-49 - Multi-sectional panel house with ordinary and end sections. With 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-room apartments. Various layout options for apartments in the section are possible. Number of storeys - 9. Height of residential premises: 2.64 m.
• II-57 - Multi-section panel house. Number of storeys: 9 (early representatives of the series), 12 and 17 floors (experimental, 2 such houses were built, the so-called “houses on legs”). The height of the premises is 2.64 m. Ceramsite concrete ceilings - 140 mm (“per room” plate), transverse bearing walls, longitudinal ceramsite concrete diaphragms - 120 (9-, 12-story), 160 (12-, 17-story) Exterior claydite-concrete panels - 350 mm, 320 mm (17-story).
• II-66 - a series of residential 9-story brick houses.
• II-68 - a series of single-entry 16-story houses. A feature of this series are thickened walls, consisting of two panels, as well as improved noise and heat insulation due to expanded clay flooring. Buildings of this series with a height of 14 floors are less common. Houses of this series were built almost unchanged for 30 years. Floors: 16 floors. Ceiling Height: 2.48 m.
• II-68-03 Multisectional block residential building with ordinary and end sections. In the house - 1 (only on the ground floor), 2-, 3-room apartments. Number of storeys: 12. Height of residential premises: 2.50 m. Technical premises: Technical underground for engineering communications. Elevators: Passenger with a loading capacity of 400 kg, cargo and passenger.
• 1LG-600 (Avtovsk DSK) - the so-called "house-ships".
• 111-90 - a series of large-panel multi-sectional residential buildings of industrial housing construction. The series was developed by TsNIIEP Housing in the late 1960s. The series was launched into industrial production in 1971.
• III-96 - a series of large-panel 9-storey houses for Ukraine.
• M111-90 - a series of large-panel 9-, 12-, 16-story houses for Belarus.
• 111-108 - a series of large-panel 5-, 9- and 10-story houses (Vitebsk, Veliky Novgorod, Luga, Tosno, Cherepovets, Smolensk, Vologda and the cities of Bashkiria-Ufa, Salavat, Ishimbay and Beloretsk).
• 111-120V - a series of large-panel 5-storey houses (Vilnius city).
• 111-121 - (series 121) apartments stand out with relatively good layouts.
• M-464 - a series of large-panel 9-storey houses (Minsk, Minsk region).
• 1-LG-606
• Integrated Series 135 - Integrated Series 135 includes projects for large-panel buildings for various purposes for construction in the city, as well as in the countryside. Projects have been developed for one-, two-, three-, four-, five-, nine-, twelve-story houses and a different set of block sections for them, which allow building houses of various configurations and lengths, dormitories of various capacities, sleeping quarters of sanatoriums, rest houses, schools, kindergartens, nurseries, houses with built-in attached stores and other public facilities.
• 4570-73 / 75 Developed by the 1st Central Military Project of the Moscow Region. Typical 5-story houses for building military garrisons.

1980s

• P-44
• P-43
• P-4

At the beginning of the 1980s, in Moscow, it was developed under the guidance of architect A. G. Rochegova series of KOPE (compositional space-planning elements), designed for the construction of "buffer zones" between new buildings and protected areas of architectural monuments and areas of mass development, as well as for the "revitalization" of the existing areas. The first houses of this series were erected in 1982 near the Vorontsov park. The project provided for the possibility of building houses up to 22 floors. At the same time, standard panel houses continued to be erected in many areas of Moscow and other cities of the USSR.

1990s

The ruins of the demolished Khrushchev in Moscow

The territories of demolished 5-storey panel houses are built up with 17-25-storey residential buildings, mainly with new series of panel houses. Also continuing to build panel houses of the 1988-1991 series, from 1995 they began to build brick panel houses with beige polygonal carriage triangles.

2000s

• HMS-1
• IP-46S
• I-155
• I-1723 - External walls - of bricks, internal structure - of panels
• I-1724
• KOPE - Height of residential premises - 2.64 m. The series consists of houses from layout (catalog) space-planning elements (abbreviated as “KOPE”), representing a vertical block in the height of the house and part of the section in the plan. The combined "KOPE" form a variety of architecture residential buildings.
• Kopé-m-sail - Over 60% of the facade area - glass
• MES-84
• IPSM
• P-3M - Height of residential premises - 2.64 m. Type - panel houses. Storeys from 8 to 17.
• P-44T - modification of the P-44 series, the main project DSK-1
• P-44TM - the area of \u200b\u200bapartments is increased in comparison with P-44T
• P-44K
• P-55M
• P46M
• P111M
• PD-4
• PB-02 - during construction, both panels and blocks are used
• 75 series
• Series 87 (Ukraine)
• Series 83 (111-83) Series 83 houses were designed to replace Series 1-468.
• Series 93m (111-93m) 1985. Developer: Murmanskgrazhdanproekt, 9-10 floors.
• Series 97 (111-97)
• Series 135 modified in 2012. Type - panel houses. Number of storeys - from 3 to 9. Cross-wall structural system with supporting transverse walls, with two internal and two external longitudinal bearing walls (maximum pitch of bearing walls - 6.3 m), internal longitudinal walls are located continuously along the entire length of the building. Working drawings of typical modified projects are developed according to the block-element method. For areas with a seismicity of 8 points, standard designs of 135-014s-9 m, 135-015s-9 m, 135-014s-9 m, etc. are used.
• Series 141 (121-141)
• Series 182 "Mobile"
• 600.11 series
• Series 90LO and 90LO-m
• Contact-SP
• Series "Makarov" or "Optima"

Series of monolithic houses

Most monolithic buildings are built according to individual projects, however, there are several series of monolithic houses:

• Ear
• Unicon
• Series: III / 17

technical characteristics, quadrature scheme of a 2-room apartment series 111-121

There are several classifications of apartments. Common abbreviations and their interpretation:

• Pgor Stalinka- Full-size apartments are houses built by pre-Khrushchev housing experiments (Stalin). They have high ceilings up to 3.5 m, large comfortable kitchens up to 15 m², the total area of \u200b\u200bapartments: up to 110 m² three-room and up to 40 m² one-room. The rooms in these apartments are isolated, bathrooms are separate, large stairwells. Houses 3-, 5-storey, usually brick.
• Hr  -Khrushchevki is a 4- or 5-storey residential building built during the Khrushchev housing program, when in the post-war period the country needed massive and inexpensive housing construction. Therefore, apartments of a small area were built, compact enough, as a rule, with adjacent rooms, with low ceilings, with a total area of \u200b\u200b60 m². three-room, 43 m² two-room and 30 m² one-room apartments, with small kitchens (5-6 m²), combined bathrooms and balconies in some apartments.

Demolition of a prefabricated house

• A type.or Art. - Typical or Standard layout of the apartments is the apartments of the next (after Khrushchev time) generation: ceiling height from 2.6 m to 2.75 m, the total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartments is from 63 m² of three-room to 33 m² of one-room apartments, kitchens of 6-7 m², rooms in two-room isolated, three-room - adjacent-isolated, bathrooms are usually isolated, there are balconies and loggias. These are 5-, 9-storey houses with a garbage chute and elevators. The bulk of these houses are constructed of reinforced concrete panels.
• U / P  - Apartments with improved layout. As a rule, these are panel and brick 9-story houses with an increased area of \u200b\u200bapartments: 69 m² three-room, 53 m² two-room and 39 m² one-room apartments, the kitchen area is also increased to 9 m², all rooms are isolated, separate bathrooms, a pantry is possible, there are balconies ilodzhii from 1 to 2. The houses are equipped with elevators and garbage chutes. The house territory is also equipped with a playground and major ground or underground garages.
• Email  - “Elite” apartments, or apartments of a new generation. They have no area restrictions, they are diverse in their layout. Most often, the future owner plans his own home. They are equipped with a large number of services - underground garages, a garbage chute, elevators, both passenger and freight, storage rooms and a storehouse, large stairwells, convenient access roads, gyms, saunas, etc. are possible.

• 103 series  - One of the very first, built in all republics of the USSR. The houses of this series are built of red brick and white concrete, the house is 5-storey, it usually does not have an elevator, but some houses have a garbage chute and 2 entrances, 3 apartments on each floor (2 apartments on the ground floor), on each side 2-3 rooms, and in the middle 1-room, only 14 apartments for each entrance. There is a loggia (except for those who have a 1-bedroom apartment).

• 104 series  - A high-rise building, distributed throughout the USSR, but there are not many of them. The house is 16-story, there is a passenger and freight elevator, a garbage chute. This series is distinguished by the fact that in each apartment there is a large loggia along the room and the kitchen (like the "Little Family"), and an ordinary window.

• 108 episode - 5- and 9-storey multisection panel panel houses. The series was developed by LenZNIIEP in the 1970s. The main advantage is the longitudinal bearing walls, which are overlapped by prestressed continuous reinforced concrete slabs with a thickness of 160 mm, which allows for free planning of apartments of any size on the floor sections without additional costs. The series is also distinguished by a high coefficient of thermal resistance of external wall panels (3.25), which is achieved by a three-layer (concrete-expanded polystyrene-concrete) wall material.

• 119 series  - One of the first 9-story houses. One of the later projects, along with the 602 series, has an elevator and a chute. In the apartment, where 2 rooms and more, there are 2 loggias - one larger, the other smaller.

• 467 series  - 9-storey building, there is an elevator and a garbage chute. The entrance project is interesting: there are 4 apartments on each floor, there is a small room separated from the staircase by the wall, the entrance to the floor is through the door (probably to move the apartment doors away from the smell of the garbage chute), an elevator is installed in the room itself. There are 36 apartments in each entrance. There is a loggia.

• 602 series  - One of the most recent series of projects of residential buildings with a small number of floors (standard - 9 floors). There are 4 apartments on the floor. The project is interesting in that the elevator and the garbage chute are located between the floors of the staircase. All the doors of the apartments are nearby, which in some cases creates problems for neighbors who want to enter / exit at the same time. In some older houses, the elevator is located on the very ground floor, at the entrance level to the entrance, in newer elevators it is located half a floor higher. There is a loggia.

• Small family  - houses are built as dormitories. There are 5-, 9-, 12-storey houses. These apartments have a very long loggia, stretching to the kitchen and the room, most of the apartments on the floor are 1-bedroom, 2-bedroom apartments on the floor are only two. The entrance to the house is only one. There are a lot of apartments on the floor and they are located as a hostel. 9-and 12-storey houses are equipped with an elevator and a garbage chute, a 5-storey house has only a chute.

• Lithuanian project  - (abbr. Litovka) houses, according to the name, were invented in the Lithuanian SSR, distributed mainly in the Baltic states. There are only 5-, 9-story houses, a garbage chute and an elevator only in high-rise buildings, 3.4 relatively large apartments are located on the floor (at the same time, the kitchen, bathroom and corridor total about 14 m²), there is a loggia, a kitchen in all apartments the same - 6.5 m².

Typical apartment layouts are typical for a series of houses - a group of residential buildings that are completely or almost completely identical in design, arrangement of rooms. Also, such houses are built from the same materials.

Typical layouts of apartments include "Brezhnevka", "Khrushchev", "Stalin".  Houses from these series are found in almost every village in the country.

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Stalin's houses are still expensive and prestigious. This is mainly due to their location: as a rule, the "Stalin" are located in the city center and in the areas closest to it. In addition, the large total area as well as high ceilings affect the cost of housing.

"Stalin" are divided into two types, depending on the building material used: cinder blocks and brick. Most of the brick houses were built in the early period, and cinder blocks began to appear at a time when developers got access to building panels and blocks. Brick buildings usually have better thermal insulation, a more attractive facade. Cinder block houses look less elegant, and sometimes just dull.

The construction of "stalinka" significantly decreased in 1956, when industrial mass housing construction began, which caused the appearance of entire arrays of "Khrushchev".

The main features of the layout of "Stalin":

• High ceilings;
• Convenient layout "Stalin";
• Massive walls.

In "stalinkas" usually three- and four-room apartments, options with two, as well as five or more rooms are much less common. One-room apartments are completely rare.

"Stalin" can refer to ordinary or nomenclature houses. Nomenclature were built specifically for elite residents. These houses have a beautiful layout, spacious hallways. In apartments, there may also be not only a children's room, but also an office, a library, a room for a servant. The kitchen in such "stalinkas" is large, the bathroom is separate. Usually located on one floor of 2-4 apartments. Ordinary houses are simpler and more modest, the area of \u200b\u200bapartments in them is less.

Layouts of apartments of standard series - Stalinki:

Fig. 1 - Layout of a studio apartment in Stalin

Fig. 2 - Layouts of one-bedroom apartments in Stalin

Fig. 3 - Layouts of three-room apartments in Stalin

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Typical layout of apartments "Khrushchev"

The "Khrushchev" includes five-story houses, the construction of which began in the period 1956-1964, during the reign of Khrushchev. In Moscow, these buildings were built before 1972, and in the region itself and in many other regions of the country - until the mid-1980s.

At first, the Khrushchevs were built of bricks, but in the 60s, for economic reasons, panel housing began. Apartments in Khrushchev’s have a small area of \u200b\u200brooms (for example, 6-9 m2 were allocated for a bedroom), and the area of \u200b\u200bkitchens does not exceed 6 m2. The height of the ceilings also decreased - up to 2.5 meters.

The main disadvantages of the layout of apartments "Khrushchev" include:

• Poor thermal insulation (hot in summer and cold in winter);
• Combined bathroom;
• Lack of garbage chute, elevator, attic.

But these houses have their advantages. This is, first of all, the low cost of apartments and good territorial location - not far from the metro, in areas with developed infrastructure.

Layouts of apartments of standard series - Khrushchevka:

Fig. 4 - Layouts of one-room apartments in Khrushchev

Fig. 5 - Layouts of one-bedroom apartments in Khrushchevka

Fig. 6 - Layouts of three-room apartments in Khrushchevka

Typical layout of apartments "Brezhnevka"

Typical Brezhnevka houses were built during Brezhnev - from 1964 to the early 80s.

In contrast to the "Khrushchev", such houses had a greater number of floors and an increased area of \u200b\u200bapartments. In the very first apartments, the Khrushchev refrigerator was often present, which was a closet under the kitchen window. This decision was borrowed from the "Khrushchev". The bathroom was created separate. In the future, the layout changed a little, some of the solutions are applied in our time.

For "brezhnevka" characterized by an improved layout.  But this is true only in relation to the "Khrushchevs", as for the "Stalin", they are more comfortable for living. In the Brezhnevka houses, the ceilings are not too high, the kitchens are small (about 7–9 m2). The number of rooms varies from 1 to 5.

One of the varieties of "brezhnevka" are hotel-type apartments. They are small, their total area is 12-18 square meters. Such apartments were intended for temporary stay, but then most of them were fixed on an ongoing basis.

In the "Brezhnev" houses there is an elevator, a garbage chute, and the ceiling height is 2.65 meters.

Most buildings have poor thermal insulation, therefore, recently they have been undergoing major repairs in order to improve energy efficiency.

Layouts of apartments of standard series - Brezhnevka:

Fig. 7 - Layouts of one-room apartments in Brezhnevka

Fig. 8 - Layouts of one-bedroom apartments in Brezhnevka

Fig. 9 - Layouts of three-room apartments in Brezhnevka

Modern layout of apartments

Since the mid-90s of the last century, they try to give individual buildings typical buildings. As a result of this, they cannot be attributed to a certain type of layout. During Yeltsin’s tenure, “elites” arose, but their series do not have similar features. Their construction began in connection with a change in housing standards, due to which the apartments began to have a large area, improved layout.

Most houses in cities are typical brick buildings, with apartments of standard layouts.

A series of houses of the Stalin type - buildings made of light-colored bricks or mineralized panels. This project stands out for its excellent layout, significant ceiling height. For external work, materials with granite chips were often used. Such houses are distinguished by towers of the "Kremlin" type.

The construction of steel began in the 30s of the XX century. Similar structures were created according to individual designs, but there are many typical houses. Such structures have little resemblance to the structures of the old foundation.

Khrushchev - a panel, brick or block structure.  The initiator of such buildings was N. S. Khrushchev, they are completely devoid of any frills in the design and construction. They were built until 1972, inclusive, and in some areas - until 1980.

Distinctive characteristics of such buildings:

• ceiling height - 2.5 - 2.6 m;
• very small kitchens, bathrooms;
• predominantly the layout of 2 rooms is adjacent.

After 2000, houses on 5 floors began to be demolished. The Khrushchevs in the 8th and 9th floors were not subject to demolition. The first buildings of the Khrushchev - houses of the series 1-335. They were erected in many cities of the USSR. Due to the lack of thermal insulation, such buildings are subject to demolition.

Designs of a series 1-439, 1-439Я - 5-storey buildings of block type. Such a plan of buildings was built mainly in the northern regions of the USSR. Khrushchev series 1-447 - a popular type of buildings. Similar structures were built until 1970 inclusive. The height of the rooms is up to 3 meters.

Panel Type Buildings

Buildings of type 1-464 are popular structures of the panel plan of the times of the USSR. They were erected in the first period of the Khrushchev building. Only from 1958 to 1964 The construction of such structures involved more than 200 house-building plants in all regions.

The 1-466 series of brick houses are typical examples of residential buildings on 1,5 floors. The height of the rooms is 3 m. They were built exclusively in Moscow (its northern part). Walls of brick houses made of fragile vibro-brick. At the end, up to 6 panels are installed. Such houses are short-lived.

The 1-467 series houses the first panel structure that has a pitch of load-bearing walls. For the first time, the design of such buildings included a variation in the layout of a 1.2.3-room apartment. Houses in 1-5 floors of a similar plan were built in the suburbs and other parts of the country.

Houses of the 1-510 series are fairly common block 5-storey houses. Their feature is the thickness of the outer walls, which is up to 40 cm. These are durable buildings, but some of them are demolished during various reconstructions of the city’s quarters.

Structures of type 1-511 - multi-sectional construction, brick Khrushchev in Moscow. In such houses apartments for 1-2-3 rooms are provided. There are several modifications of buildings that distinguish by the height of the apartments, the quality of building materials, the type of roof.

Types of MG facilities

Houses 1MG-300 or MG-300 - panel buildings in 5 floors. Their feature is the presence of square balconies, the cubic capacity of which is small. There are 3 apartments on each floor of such a house. They were built until 1968 inclusive.

Buildings of the 1P-303-2 type are a 5-storey panel building, the second most frequent building in Moscow and the region. A distinctive feature of 5-storey buildings is sloping balconies, including end ones. Structures of type 11-07 are one of the first prefabricated houses of 5 floors in Moscow (its south-western part). The construction period is 1958-1961. These houses are in disrepair, most of them have already been demolished.

Buildings 11-07-19 - panel buildings with fragile external walls made of vibro-brick. Often houses are tiled, each of them has 4 narrow windows at the ends. Almost all structures of this format are in disrepair, but they are only demolished in the western parts of Moscow. Houses 11-17 - modification of the series 1-510. They have increased area of \u200b\u200ba one-room apartment and a large area of \u200b\u200ba 3-room apartment. Such houses were built in the 60s. of the last century in Izmailovo, Nagatino.

Small objects

This is an example of Khrushchev’s above 5 floors in Moscow. Most of them are 8-, 9-storey block constructions. Each apartment of such a house has a sitting bath; in two-room apartments, rooms are often adjacent.

Series of houses 11-18-01 / 09 MIK - brick buildings of 9 floors, an analogue of block structures 11-18-01 / 09.

Building 11-32 is a typical panel house made of vibro-brick, the external walls of which are tiled.

A characteristic feature of such buildings is balconies on pillars. A variation of this series - 11-32-130 - houses with small apartments (small families). They are intended for small families. The room has an average of 9-13 square meters. m., and the kitchen has a cubic capacity of not more than 3-3.5 square meters. m

Buildings 11-34 are an example of 5-story brick structures with small families. Similar buildings were erected in the capital in different places (1-2 houses in sleeping areas). These are two-building houses, which are connected by a one-story section, in the center of which there is a room - a dining room.

Buildings of type 11-35 - 5-storey brick houses with two-room and three-room apartments. Their distinctive feature is the presence of rather large external panels. Such houses were often built in 1959-1962. Today they are all demolished.

Objects 11-38 and Brezhnevka

Constructions 11-38 are the first panel-type houses of volume elements. The rooms of the apartments were assembled at the factories, and at the construction sites they were only mounted. These were experimental, test structures, they were erected in 1959-1962. in Lublin, Cheryomushki. Such structures are also found in Perm, Minsk. Type K-7 - Khrushchev frame, panel type. These are massive buildings in Moscow, 1958 construction. Their walls are the thinnest among all, because their demolition is a priority.

The Khrushchevs, who did not justify themselves at all, were replaced by Brezhnevka. Initially, these are 8-, 9-story buildings, which then turned into 12- and 16-story buildings. These are the first constructions with elevators and garbage chutes. The layout of apartments in such buildings has become more advanced and modern. They improved noise and heat insulation.

The layout of apartments in such houses has become more convenient. The construction of such houses began in the 70s. last century. Such houses can rightly be called the prototypes of modern buildings. After brezhnevok began to build buildings on standard designs. The most common series of modern panel buildings are KOPE, KOPE-M-SAIL, 155 and i-155m, p-3m, P-44m.